Characteristics, Antecedents, and Consequences of Agile R&D Units’ Organization – A Conceptual Framework
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Published
Dec 16, 2021
Andre Meier
Alexander Kock
Abstract
The information systems and operations management fields have exhaustively investigated the concept of agility. However, innovation management literature has almost neglected the topic, particularly agile R&D units, on which large industrial companies increasingly rely. To investigate this practically relevant but academically under-explored phenomenon’s characteristics, antecedents, and consequences, we conducted an explorative-qualitative study with R&D managers and agility experts. Our findings’ integration in extant literature provides a holistic framework of agile R&D units’ organization (ARDO). The results reveal the complementary capabilities to gain agility and facilitate future empirical investigations, thus advancing scarce research on agility’s capability perspective in innovation management.
How to Cite
Meier, A., & Kock, A. . (2021). Characteristics, Antecedents, and Consequences of Agile R&D Units’ Organization – A Conceptual Framework. Journal of Competences, Strategy & Management, 11, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.25437/jcsm-vol11-11
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Keywords
agile R&D units, organizational agility, R&D, new product development
References
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Bäcklander, G. (2019). Doing complexity leadership theory: How agile coaches at Spotify practise enabling leadership.
Creativity and Innovation Management, 28(1), 42–60.
Beaumont, M., Thuriaux-Alemán, B., Prasad, P., & Hatton, C. (2017). Using Agile approaches for breakthrough product innovation. Strategy & Leadership, 45(6), 19–25.
Beck, K. M., Beedle, M., van Bennekum, A., Cockburn, A., Cunningham, W., Fowler, M., Grenning, J., Highsmith, J., Hunt, A., Jeffries, R., Kern, J., Marick, B., Martin, R. C., Mellor, S., Schwaber, K., Sutherland, J., & Thomas, D. (2001). Manifesto for agile software development. Retrieved from https://agilemanifesto.org/
Bianchi, M., Marzi, G., & Guerini, M. (2020). Agile, Stage-Gate and their combination: Exploring how they relate to performance in software development. Journal of Business Research, 110, 538–553.
Boehm, B., & Turner, R. (2005). Management challenges to implementing agile processes in traditional development organizations. IEEE Software, 22(5), 30–39.
Bottani, E. (2010). Profile and enablers of agile companies: An empirical investigation. International Journal of Production Economics, 125(2), 251–261.
Bouwman, H., Heikkilä, J., Heikkilä, M., Leopold, C., & Haaker, T. (2018). Achieving agility using business model stress testing. Electronic Markets, 28(2), 149–162.
Cai, Z., Liu, H., Huang, Q., & Liang, L. (2019). Developing organizational agility in product innovation: the roles of IT capability, KM capability, and innovative climate. R&D Management, 49(4), 421–438.
Carlgren, L., Rauth, I., & Elmquist, M. (2016). Framing design thinking: The concept in idea and enactment. Creativity and Innovation Management, 25(1), 38–57.
Chen, R., Ravichandar, R., & Proctor, D. (2016). Managing the transition to the new agile business and product development model: Lessons from Cisco Systems. Business Horizons, 59(6), 635–644.
Cooper, R. G. (2016). Agile–Stage-Gate Hybrids: The Next Stage for Product Development Blending Agile and Stage-Gate methods can provide flexibility, speed, and improved communication in new-product development. Research-Technology Management, 59(1), 21–29.
Cooper, R. G., & Sommer, A. F. (2016). The Agile-Stage-Gate Hybrid Model: A Promising New Approach and a New Research Opportunity. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 33(5), 513–526.
Corbin, J. M., & Strauss, A. (1990). Grounded theory research: Procedures, canons, and evaluative criteria. Qualitative Sociology, 13(1), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00988593
Denning, S. (2016). How to make the whole organization “Agile”. Strategy & Leadership, 44(4), 10–17.
Denning, S. (2018). How major corporations are making sense of Agile. Strategy & Leadership, 46(1), 3–9.
Edmondson, A. C., & McManus, S. E. (2007). Methodological fit in management field research. Academy of Management Review, 32(4), 1246–1264.
Fitzgerald, B., Hartnett, G., & Conboy, K. (2006). Customising agile methods to software practices at Intel Shannon. European Journal of Information Systems, 15(2), 200–213.
Gibson, C. B., & Birkinshaw, J. (2004). The antecedents, consequences, and mediating role of organizational ambidexterity. Academy of Management Journal, 47(2), 209–226.
Gioia, D. A., Corley, K. G., & Hamilton, A. L. (2013). Seeking Qualitative Rigor in Inductive Research. Organizational Research Methods, 16(1), 15–31.
Gligor, D. M., Esmark, C. L., & Holcomb, M. C. (2015). Performance outcomes of supply chain agility: When should you be agile? Journal of Operations Management, 33-34(1), 71–82.
Globocnik, D., & Salomo, S. (2015). Do formal management practices impact the emergence of bootlegging behavior? Journal of Product Innovation Management, 32(4), 505–521.
Gonzalez, W. (2014). Applying Agile Project Management to Predevelopment Stages of Innovation. International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, 11(4), 1–21.
Grass, A., Backmann, J., & Hoegl, M. (2020). From Empowerment Dynamics to Team Adaptability: Exploring and Conceptualizing the Continuous Agile Team Innovation Process. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 37(4), 324–351.
Gunasekaran, A. (1998). Agile manufacturing: Enablers and an implementation framework. International Journal of Production Research, 36(5), 1223–1247.
Hansen, M. T. (2001). Introducing T-Shaped Managers. Harvard Business Review, 79(3), 106–116.
Hobbs, B., & Petit, Y. (2017). Agile methods on large projects in large organizations. Project Management Journal, 48(3), 3–19.
Hornsby, J. S., Kuratko, D. F., Holt, D. T., & Wales, W. J. (2013). Assessing a Measurement of Organizational Preparedness for Corporate Entrepreneurship. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 30(5), 937–955.
Huang, X., Rode, J. C., & Schroeder, R. G. (2011). Organizational structure and continuous improvement and learning: Moderating effects of cultural endorsement of participative leadership. Journal of International Business Studies, 42(9), 1103–1120.
Kester, L., Griffin, A., Hultink, E. J., & Lauche, K. (2011). Exploring portfolio decision‐making processes. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 28(5), 641–661.
Kester, L., Hultink, E. J., & Griffin, A. (2014). An empirical investigation of the antecedents and outcomes of NPD portfolio success. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 31(6), 1199–1213
Khanagha, S., Ramezan Zadeh, M. T., Mihalache, O. R., & Volberda, H. W. (2018). Embracing Bewilderment: Responding to Technological Disruption in Heterogeneous Market Environments. Journal of Management Studies, 55(7), 1079–1121.
Kock, A., & Gemünden, H. G. (2016). Antecedents to Decision-Making Quality and Agility in Innovation Portfolio Management. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 33(6), 670–686.
Kock, A., Heising, W., & Gemünden, H. G. (2015). How ideation portfolio management influences front‐end success. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 32(4), 539–555.
Lee, G., & Xia, W. (2010). Toward agile: an integrated analysis of quantitative and qualitative field data on software development agility. MIS Quarterly, 34(1), 87–114.
Lu, Y., & Ramamurthy, K. (2011). Understanding the link between information technology capability and organizational agility: An empirical examination. MIS Quarterly, 35(4), 931–954.
Madi, T., Dahalin, Z., & Baharom, F. (2011). Content analysis on agile values: A perception from software practitioners. Paper presented at the 5th Malaysian Conference in Software Engineering (MySEC). Johor Bahru, Malaysia. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE.
Markham, S. K. (2013). The impact of front‐end innovation activities on product performance. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 30(S1), 77–92.
Maruping, L. M., Venkatesh, V., & Agarwal, R. (2009). A Control Theory Perspective on Agile Methodology Use and Changing User Requirements. Information Systems Research, 20(3), 377–399.
Nerur, S., Mahapatra, R., & Mangalaraj, G. (2005). Challenges of migrating to agile methodologies. Communications of the ACM, 48(5), 72–78.
Patanakul, P., Chen, J., & Lynn, G. S. (2012). Autonomous Teams and New Product Development. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 29(5), 734–750.
Raschke, R. L. (2010). Process-based view of agility: The value contribution of IT and the effects on process outcomes. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 11(4), 297–313.
Richtnér, A., & Löfsten, H. (2014). Managing in turbulence: how the capacity for resilience influences creativity. R&D Management, 44(2), 137–151.
Richtnér, A., & Sodergren, B. (2008). Innovation projects need resilience. International Journal of Technology Intelligence and Planning, 4(3), 257–275.
Rigby, D. K., Sutherland, J., & Takeuchi, H. (2016). Embracing agile. Harvard Business Review, 94(5), 40–50.
Sambamurthy, V., Bharadwaj, A., & Grover, V. (2003). Shaping Agility through Digital Options: Reconceptualizing the Role of Information Technology in Contemporary Firms. MIS Quarterly, 27(2), 237–263.
Schatz, B., & Abdelshafi, I. (2005). Primavera Gets Agile: A Successful Transition to Agile Development. IEEE Software, 22(3), 36–42.
Schrauder, S., Kock, A., Baccarella, C. V., & Voigt, K.‐I. (2018). Takin’ Care of Business Models: The Impact of Business Model Evaluation on Front‐End Success. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 35(3), 410–426.
Serrador, P., & Pinto, J. K. (2015). Does Agile work? — A quantitative analysis of agile project success. International Journal of Project Management, 33(5), 1040–1051.
Sharifi, H., & Zhang, Z. (2001). Agile manufacturing in practice ‐ Application of a methodology. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 21(5/6), 772–794.
Sheffield, J., & Lemétayer, J. (2013). Factors associated with the software development agility of successful projects. International Journal of Project Management, 31(3), 459–472.
Shuradze, G., Bogodistov, Y., & Wagner, H.T. (2018). The role of marketing-enabled data analytics capability and organisational agility for innovation: empirical evidence from german firms. International Journal of Innovation Management, 22(4), 1–32.
Sivasubramaniam, N., Liebowitz, S. J., & Lackman, C. L. (2012). Determinants of new product development team performance: A meta‐analytic review. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 29(5), 803–820.
Smith, W. K., & Besharov, M. L. (2019). Bowing before dual gods: How structured flexibility sustains organizational hybridity. Administrative Science Quarterly, 64(1), 1–44.
Stettina, C. J., & Hörz, J. (2015). Agile portfolio management: An empirical perspective on the practice in use. International Journal of Project Management, 33(1), 140–152.
Strauss, A. L., & Corbin, J. M. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Strode, D. E., Hope, B., Huff, S. L., & Link, S. (Eds.) (2011). Coordination effectiveness in an agile software development context. Paper presented at the Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, Brisbane, AUS. Retrieved from https://aisel.aisnet.org/pacis2011/183
Swafford, P. M., Ghosh, S., & Murthy, N. (2006). The antecedents of supply chain agility of a firm: scale development and model testing. Journal of Operations Management, 24(2), 170–188.
Tallon, P. P., Queiroz, M., Coltman, T., & Sharma, R. (2019). Information technology and the search for organizational agility: A systematic review with future research possibilities. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 28(2), 218–237.
Teece, D. J., Peteraf, M., & Leih, S. (2016). Dynamic Capabilities and Organizational Agility: Risk, Uncertainty, and Strategy in the Innovation Economy. California Management Review, 58(4), 13–35.
Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 509–533.
Tripp, J. F., Riemenschneider, C., & Thatcher, J. B. (2016). Job satisfaction in agile development teams: Agile development as work redesign. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 17(4), 267-307.
Van Oosterhout, M., Waarts, E., & van Hillegersberg, J. (2006). Change factors requiring agility and implications for IT. European Journal of Information Systems, 15(2), 132–145.
Vázquez‐Bustelo, D., Avella, L., & Fernández, E. (2007). Agility drivers, enablers and outcomes. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 27(12), 1303–1332.
Vinodh, S., Aravindraj, S., Pushkar, B., & Kishore, S. (2012). Estimation of reliability and validity of agility constructs using structural equation modelling. International Journal of Production Research, 50(23), 6737–6745.
Wang, X., Conboy, K., & Pikkarainen, M. (2012). Assimilation of agile practices in use. Information Systems Journal, 22(6), 435–455.
Yang, J. (2014). Supply chain agility: Securing performance for Chinese manufacturers. International Journal of Production Economics, 150, 104–113.
Yusuf, Y.Y., Sarhadi, M., & Gunasekaran, A. (1999). Agile manufacturing: The drivers, concepts and attributes. International Journal of Production Economics, 62(1), 33–43.
Bäcklander, G. (2019). Doing complexity leadership theory: How agile coaches at Spotify practise enabling leadership.
Creativity and Innovation Management, 28(1), 42–60.
Beaumont, M., Thuriaux-Alemán, B., Prasad, P., & Hatton, C. (2017). Using Agile approaches for breakthrough product innovation. Strategy & Leadership, 45(6), 19–25.
Beck, K. M., Beedle, M., van Bennekum, A., Cockburn, A., Cunningham, W., Fowler, M., Grenning, J., Highsmith, J., Hunt, A., Jeffries, R., Kern, J., Marick, B., Martin, R. C., Mellor, S., Schwaber, K., Sutherland, J., & Thomas, D. (2001). Manifesto for agile software development. Retrieved from https://agilemanifesto.org/
Bianchi, M., Marzi, G., & Guerini, M. (2020). Agile, Stage-Gate and their combination: Exploring how they relate to performance in software development. Journal of Business Research, 110, 538–553.
Boehm, B., & Turner, R. (2005). Management challenges to implementing agile processes in traditional development organizations. IEEE Software, 22(5), 30–39.
Bottani, E. (2010). Profile and enablers of agile companies: An empirical investigation. International Journal of Production Economics, 125(2), 251–261.
Bouwman, H., Heikkilä, J., Heikkilä, M., Leopold, C., & Haaker, T. (2018). Achieving agility using business model stress testing. Electronic Markets, 28(2), 149–162.
Cai, Z., Liu, H., Huang, Q., & Liang, L. (2019). Developing organizational agility in product innovation: the roles of IT capability, KM capability, and innovative climate. R&D Management, 49(4), 421–438.
Carlgren, L., Rauth, I., & Elmquist, M. (2016). Framing design thinking: The concept in idea and enactment. Creativity and Innovation Management, 25(1), 38–57.
Chen, R., Ravichandar, R., & Proctor, D. (2016). Managing the transition to the new agile business and product development model: Lessons from Cisco Systems. Business Horizons, 59(6), 635–644.
Cooper, R. G. (2016). Agile–Stage-Gate Hybrids: The Next Stage for Product Development Blending Agile and Stage-Gate methods can provide flexibility, speed, and improved communication in new-product development. Research-Technology Management, 59(1), 21–29.
Cooper, R. G., & Sommer, A. F. (2016). The Agile-Stage-Gate Hybrid Model: A Promising New Approach and a New Research Opportunity. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 33(5), 513–526.
Corbin, J. M., & Strauss, A. (1990). Grounded theory research: Procedures, canons, and evaluative criteria. Qualitative Sociology, 13(1), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00988593
Denning, S. (2016). How to make the whole organization “Agile”. Strategy & Leadership, 44(4), 10–17.
Denning, S. (2018). How major corporations are making sense of Agile. Strategy & Leadership, 46(1), 3–9.
Edmondson, A. C., & McManus, S. E. (2007). Methodological fit in management field research. Academy of Management Review, 32(4), 1246–1264.
Fitzgerald, B., Hartnett, G., & Conboy, K. (2006). Customising agile methods to software practices at Intel Shannon. European Journal of Information Systems, 15(2), 200–213.
Gibson, C. B., & Birkinshaw, J. (2004). The antecedents, consequences, and mediating role of organizational ambidexterity. Academy of Management Journal, 47(2), 209–226.
Gioia, D. A., Corley, K. G., & Hamilton, A. L. (2013). Seeking Qualitative Rigor in Inductive Research. Organizational Research Methods, 16(1), 15–31.
Gligor, D. M., Esmark, C. L., & Holcomb, M. C. (2015). Performance outcomes of supply chain agility: When should you be agile? Journal of Operations Management, 33-34(1), 71–82.
Globocnik, D., & Salomo, S. (2015). Do formal management practices impact the emergence of bootlegging behavior? Journal of Product Innovation Management, 32(4), 505–521.
Gonzalez, W. (2014). Applying Agile Project Management to Predevelopment Stages of Innovation. International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, 11(4), 1–21.
Grass, A., Backmann, J., & Hoegl, M. (2020). From Empowerment Dynamics to Team Adaptability: Exploring and Conceptualizing the Continuous Agile Team Innovation Process. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 37(4), 324–351.
Gunasekaran, A. (1998). Agile manufacturing: Enablers and an implementation framework. International Journal of Production Research, 36(5), 1223–1247.
Hansen, M. T. (2001). Introducing T-Shaped Managers. Harvard Business Review, 79(3), 106–116.
Hobbs, B., & Petit, Y. (2017). Agile methods on large projects in large organizations. Project Management Journal, 48(3), 3–19.
Hornsby, J. S., Kuratko, D. F., Holt, D. T., & Wales, W. J. (2013). Assessing a Measurement of Organizational Preparedness for Corporate Entrepreneurship. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 30(5), 937–955.
Huang, X., Rode, J. C., & Schroeder, R. G. (2011). Organizational structure and continuous improvement and learning: Moderating effects of cultural endorsement of participative leadership. Journal of International Business Studies, 42(9), 1103–1120.
Kester, L., Griffin, A., Hultink, E. J., & Lauche, K. (2011). Exploring portfolio decision‐making processes. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 28(5), 641–661.
Kester, L., Hultink, E. J., & Griffin, A. (2014). An empirical investigation of the antecedents and outcomes of NPD portfolio success. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 31(6), 1199–1213
Khanagha, S., Ramezan Zadeh, M. T., Mihalache, O. R., & Volberda, H. W. (2018). Embracing Bewilderment: Responding to Technological Disruption in Heterogeneous Market Environments. Journal of Management Studies, 55(7), 1079–1121.
Kock, A., & Gemünden, H. G. (2016). Antecedents to Decision-Making Quality and Agility in Innovation Portfolio Management. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 33(6), 670–686.
Kock, A., Heising, W., & Gemünden, H. G. (2015). How ideation portfolio management influences front‐end success. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 32(4), 539–555.
Lee, G., & Xia, W. (2010). Toward agile: an integrated analysis of quantitative and qualitative field data on software development agility. MIS Quarterly, 34(1), 87–114.
Lu, Y., & Ramamurthy, K. (2011). Understanding the link between information technology capability and organizational agility: An empirical examination. MIS Quarterly, 35(4), 931–954.
Madi, T., Dahalin, Z., & Baharom, F. (2011). Content analysis on agile values: A perception from software practitioners. Paper presented at the 5th Malaysian Conference in Software Engineering (MySEC). Johor Bahru, Malaysia. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE.
Markham, S. K. (2013). The impact of front‐end innovation activities on product performance. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 30(S1), 77–92.
Maruping, L. M., Venkatesh, V., & Agarwal, R. (2009). A Control Theory Perspective on Agile Methodology Use and Changing User Requirements. Information Systems Research, 20(3), 377–399.
Nerur, S., Mahapatra, R., & Mangalaraj, G. (2005). Challenges of migrating to agile methodologies. Communications of the ACM, 48(5), 72–78.
Patanakul, P., Chen, J., & Lynn, G. S. (2012). Autonomous Teams and New Product Development. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 29(5), 734–750.
Raschke, R. L. (2010). Process-based view of agility: The value contribution of IT and the effects on process outcomes. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 11(4), 297–313.
Richtnér, A., & Löfsten, H. (2014). Managing in turbulence: how the capacity for resilience influences creativity. R&D Management, 44(2), 137–151.
Richtnér, A., & Sodergren, B. (2008). Innovation projects need resilience. International Journal of Technology Intelligence and Planning, 4(3), 257–275.
Rigby, D. K., Sutherland, J., & Takeuchi, H. (2016). Embracing agile. Harvard Business Review, 94(5), 40–50.
Sambamurthy, V., Bharadwaj, A., & Grover, V. (2003). Shaping Agility through Digital Options: Reconceptualizing the Role of Information Technology in Contemporary Firms. MIS Quarterly, 27(2), 237–263.
Schatz, B., & Abdelshafi, I. (2005). Primavera Gets Agile: A Successful Transition to Agile Development. IEEE Software, 22(3), 36–42.
Schrauder, S., Kock, A., Baccarella, C. V., & Voigt, K.‐I. (2018). Takin’ Care of Business Models: The Impact of Business Model Evaluation on Front‐End Success. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 35(3), 410–426.
Serrador, P., & Pinto, J. K. (2015). Does Agile work? — A quantitative analysis of agile project success. International Journal of Project Management, 33(5), 1040–1051.
Sharifi, H., & Zhang, Z. (2001). Agile manufacturing in practice ‐ Application of a methodology. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 21(5/6), 772–794.
Sheffield, J., & Lemétayer, J. (2013). Factors associated with the software development agility of successful projects. International Journal of Project Management, 31(3), 459–472.
Shuradze, G., Bogodistov, Y., & Wagner, H.T. (2018). The role of marketing-enabled data analytics capability and organisational agility for innovation: empirical evidence from german firms. International Journal of Innovation Management, 22(4), 1–32.
Sivasubramaniam, N., Liebowitz, S. J., & Lackman, C. L. (2012). Determinants of new product development team performance: A meta‐analytic review. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 29(5), 803–820.
Smith, W. K., & Besharov, M. L. (2019). Bowing before dual gods: How structured flexibility sustains organizational hybridity. Administrative Science Quarterly, 64(1), 1–44.
Stettina, C. J., & Hörz, J. (2015). Agile portfolio management: An empirical perspective on the practice in use. International Journal of Project Management, 33(1), 140–152.
Strauss, A. L., & Corbin, J. M. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Strode, D. E., Hope, B., Huff, S. L., & Link, S. (Eds.) (2011). Coordination effectiveness in an agile software development context. Paper presented at the Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, Brisbane, AUS. Retrieved from https://aisel.aisnet.org/pacis2011/183
Swafford, P. M., Ghosh, S., & Murthy, N. (2006). The antecedents of supply chain agility of a firm: scale development and model testing. Journal of Operations Management, 24(2), 170–188.
Tallon, P. P., Queiroz, M., Coltman, T., & Sharma, R. (2019). Information technology and the search for organizational agility: A systematic review with future research possibilities. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 28(2), 218–237.
Teece, D. J., Peteraf, M., & Leih, S. (2016). Dynamic Capabilities and Organizational Agility: Risk, Uncertainty, and Strategy in the Innovation Economy. California Management Review, 58(4), 13–35.
Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 509–533.
Tripp, J. F., Riemenschneider, C., & Thatcher, J. B. (2016). Job satisfaction in agile development teams: Agile development as work redesign. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 17(4), 267-307.
Van Oosterhout, M., Waarts, E., & van Hillegersberg, J. (2006). Change factors requiring agility and implications for IT. European Journal of Information Systems, 15(2), 132–145.
Vázquez‐Bustelo, D., Avella, L., & Fernández, E. (2007). Agility drivers, enablers and outcomes. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 27(12), 1303–1332.
Vinodh, S., Aravindraj, S., Pushkar, B., & Kishore, S. (2012). Estimation of reliability and validity of agility constructs using structural equation modelling. International Journal of Production Research, 50(23), 6737–6745.
Wang, X., Conboy, K., & Pikkarainen, M. (2012). Assimilation of agile practices in use. Information Systems Journal, 22(6), 435–455.
Yang, J. (2014). Supply chain agility: Securing performance for Chinese manufacturers. International Journal of Production Economics, 150, 104–113.
Yusuf, Y.Y., Sarhadi, M., & Gunasekaran, A. (1999). Agile manufacturing: The drivers, concepts and attributes. International Journal of Production Economics, 62(1), 33–43.
Section
Research article
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